Define TENS and the rationale.
Define cosine law.
List indications and contraindications for TENS.
Demonstrate parameter adjustments such as intensity, pulse rate, pulse width, and wave forms.
Demonstrate proper application of TENS.
Instruct patient and family member in home use of TENS.
Explain the electron theory of electricity.
Define static electricity and explain how it is produced.
Differentiate between static and current electricity.
Define OHM's law (I=E/R) and explain how it applies to treating the human body.
Define electromotive force and potential difference.
Explain methods of current flow and ways to measure it.
Define resistance.
Differentiate between conductors and insulators.
List methods of decreasing skin resistance.
Define direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC).
List the characteristics of each of the above.
Explain sinewave, pulse wave, square wave, continuous modulation, surging modulation, and interrupted modification, as applied to AC or DC currents.
Discuss ways to prevent burns and electric shock.
Define continuous DC and explain its purpose.
Define effects of polarity.
Discuss the effect of polarity on the human body.
List indications for continuous DC.
Define interrupted DC and explain its purposes.
List indications for interrupted DC.
Explain requirements to produce muscle contraction with electrical stimulation.
Define motor point and explain purpose of motor point stimulation.
Define alternating current and list its primary purpose.
Define twitch, pulse, and tetany and explain effects of frequency of stimulation of muscles.
Define continuous AC.
List indications for continuous AC.
Define surging AC and list indications.
Define interrupted AC and list indications.
Explain the effects of unipolar technique and bipolar technique of electrode placement.
List factors which affect current density.
List contraindications for electrical stimulation.
Interpret and manipulate the parameters of low voltage and high voltage equipment.
Demonstrate motor point stimulation with a unipolar technique and locate motor points accurately.
Prepare skin correctly for above treatment with electrical stimulation.
Demonstrate motor point stimulation with a bipolar technique.
Describe the current, wave form, and the parameter in high voltage stimulation.
Demonstrate muscle stimulation with unipolar or bipolar technique using high voltage equipment.
Demonstrate a sterile high voltage treatment.
Explain various diagnostic tests including a NCV, EMG and strength duration curve, and Jolly test.
Explain biofeedback and list indications and contraindications.
Demonstrate proper application of biofeedback procedure.
List indications and effects for high voltage stimulation.
Define hyperstimulation analgesia (HSA).
Explain rationale for HSA.
List indications and contraindications.
Describe parameter adjustments.
Demonstrate proper HSA treatment including selecting, locating, and treating points.
Accurately collect data to quantify the patient's response to interventions.
Safely progress the patient intervention through the plan of care.